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Federal Enforcement of Title IX and its Application to Transgender Students

The U.S. Department of Education (“Department”), through the Office for Civil Rights, enforces Title IX, which prohibits discrimination on the “basis of sex” in any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. However, Title IX expressly permits “separate toilet, locker room, and shower facilities on the basis of sex” (34 C.F.R. §106.33). Given such […]

The Ohio Supreme Court Rules That The General Assembly Has The Constitutional Authority to Adjust Local School Funding Retrospectively

In the case of Toledo City School Dist. Bd. of Edn. v. State Bd. of Edn., 146 Ohio St.3d 356, 2016-Ohio-2806, the Ohio Supreme Court held that “the General Assembly has constitutional authority to adjust local school funding retrospectively.” The dispute began when the Ohio Department of Education (“ODE”) “noticed that the number of community-school […]

Prearranged Discussions by E-Mail Violate Ohio’s Open Meetings Act

Can a majority of the members of a public body hold private, prearranged discussions of public business by e-mail or other electronic means? “No,” answered the Ohio Supreme Court in the case of White v. King, Slip Opinion No. 2016-Ohio-2770. In White, a majority of school board members privately e-mailed among themselves, as well as […]